X-Git-Url: http://xvm.mit.edu/gitweb/invirt/packages/invirt-web.git/blobdiff_plain/cdcd6b7a886dbc7f3908e70ce646ed7ad7c49546..fe124a0f30e70f1e687bbb3ba2c56e674b20d6b3:/code/main.py diff --git a/code/main.py b/code/main.py index e068e48..cf0aca2 100755 --- a/code/main.py +++ b/code/main.py @@ -6,23 +6,16 @@ import cPickle import cgi import datetime import hmac +import os import random import sha -import simplejson import sys import time import urllib import socket import cherrypy +from cherrypy import _cperror from StringIO import StringIO -def revertStandardError(): - """Move stderr to stdout, and return the contents of the old stderr.""" - errio = sys.stderr - if not isinstance(errio, StringIO): - return '' - sys.stderr = sys.stdout - errio.seek(0) - return errio.read() def printError(): """Revert stderr to stdout, and print the contents of stderr""" @@ -33,8 +26,6 @@ if __name__ == '__main__': import atexit atexit.register(printError) -import templates -from Cheetah.Template import Template import validation import cache_acls from webcommon import State @@ -45,26 +36,100 @@ from invirt.database import Machine, CDROM, session, connect, MachineAccess, Typ from invirt.config import structs as config from invirt.common import InvalidInput, CodeError -from view import View +from view import View, revertStandardError + + +static_dir = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'static') +InvirtStatic = cherrypy.tools.staticdir.handler( + root=static_dir, + dir=static_dir, + section='/static') + +class InvirtUnauthWeb(View): + static = InvirtStatic + + @cherrypy.expose + @cherrypy.tools.mako(filename="/unauth.mako") + def index(self): + return dict(simple=True) class InvirtWeb(View): def __init__(self): super(self.__class__,self).__init__() connect() self._cp_config['tools.require_login.on'] = True + self._cp_config['tools.catch_stderr.on'] = True self._cp_config['tools.mako.imports'] = ['from invirt.config import structs as config', 'from invirt import database'] + self._cp_config['request.error_response'] = self.handle_error + + static = InvirtStatic + + @cherrypy.expose + @cherrypy.tools.mako(filename="/invalid.mako") + def invalidInput(self): + """Print an error page when an InvalidInput exception occurs""" + err = cherrypy.request.prev.params["err"] + emsg = cherrypy.request.prev.params["emsg"] + d = dict(err_field=err.err_field, + err_value=str(err.err_value), stderr=emsg, + errorMessage=str(err)) + return d + + @cherrypy.expose + @cherrypy.tools.mako(filename="/error.mako") + def error(self): + """Print an error page when an exception occurs""" + op = cherrypy.request.prev.path_info + username = cherrypy.request.login + err = cherrypy.request.prev.params["err"] + emsg = cherrypy.request.prev.params["emsg"] + traceback = cherrypy.request.prev.params["traceback"] + d = dict(op=op, user=username, fields=cherrypy.request.prev.params, + errorMessage=str(err), stderr=emsg, traceback=traceback) + error_raw = cherrypy.request.lookup.get_template("/error_raw.mako") + details = error_raw.render(**d) + exclude = config.web.errormail_exclude + if username not in exclude and '*' not in exclude: + send_error_mail('xvm error on %s for %s: %s' % (op, cherrypy.request.login, err), + details) + d['details'] = details + return d + def __getattr__(self, name): + # At the point __getattr__ is called, tools haven't been run. Make sure the user is logged in. + cherrypy.tools.remote_user_login.callable() + + if name in ("admin", "overlord"): + if not cherrypy.request.login in getAfsGroupMembers(config.adminacl, config.authz.afs.cells[0].cell): + raise InvalidInput('username', cherrypy.request.login, + 'Not in admin group %s.' % config.adminacl) + cherrypy.request.state = State(cherrypy.request.login, isadmin=True) + return self + else: + return super(InvirtWeb, self).__getattr__(name) + + def handle_error(self): + err = sys.exc_info()[1] + if isinstance(err, InvalidInput): + cherrypy.request.params['err'] = err + cherrypy.request.params['emsg'] = revertStandardError() + raise cherrypy.InternalRedirect('/invalidInput') + if not cherrypy.request.prev or 'err' not in cherrypy.request.prev.params: + cherrypy.request.params['err'] = err + cherrypy.request.params['emsg'] = revertStandardError() + cherrypy.request.params['traceback'] = _cperror.format_exc() + raise cherrypy.InternalRedirect('/error') + # fall back to cherrypy default error page + cherrypy.HTTPError(500).set_response() @cherrypy.expose @cherrypy.tools.mako(filename="/list.mako") def list(self, result=None): """Handler for list requests.""" - checkpoint.checkpoint('Getting list dict') d = getListDict(cherrypy.request.login, cherrypy.request.state) if result is not None: d['result'] = result - checkpoint.checkpoint('Got list dict') return d index=list @@ -106,8 +171,6 @@ wiki, including steps to prepare an HVM guest to boot as a ParaVM

We recommend using a ParaVM when possible and an HVM when necessary. """, - 'CPU Weight': """ -Don't ask us! We're as mystified as you are.""", 'Owner': """ The owner field is used to determine quotas. It must be the name of a @@ -131,8 +194,9 @@ your machine will run just fine, but the applet's display of the console will suffer artifacts. """, 'Windows': """ +Windows 7: The Windows 7 image is licensed for all MIT students and will automatically activate off the network. The installer requires 512 MiB RAM and at least 15 GiB disk space (20 GiB or more recommended).
Windows Vista: The Vista image is licensed for all MIT students and will automatically activate off the network; see the licensing confirmation e-mail for details. The installer requires 512 MiB RAM and at least 7.5 GiB disk space (15 GiB or more recommended).
-Windows XP: This is the volume license CD image. You will need your own volume license key to complete the install. We do not have these available for the general MIT community; ask your department if they have one. +Windows XP: This is the volume license CD image. You will need your own volume license key to complete the install. We do not have these available for the general MIT community; ask your department if they have one, or visit http://msca.mit.edu/ if you are staff/faculty to request one. """ } @@ -147,10 +211,16 @@ console will suffer artifacts. help._cp_config['tools.require_login.on'] = False def parseCreate(self, fields): - kws = dict([(kw, fields.get(kw)) for kw in 'name description owner memory disksize vmtype cdrom autoinstall'.split()]) - validate = validation.Validate(cherrypy.request.login, cherrypy.request.state, strict=True, **kws) - return dict(contact=cherrypy.request.login, name=validate.name, description=validate.description, memory=validate.memory, - disksize=validate.disksize, owner=validate.owner, machine_type=getattr(validate, 'vmtype', Defaults.type), + kws = dict([(kw, fields[kw]) for kw in + 'name description owner memory disksize vmtype cdrom autoinstall'.split() + if fields[kw]]) + validate = validation.Validate(cherrypy.request.login, + cherrypy.request.state, + strict=True, **kws) + return dict(contact=cherrypy.request.login, name=validate.name, + description=validate.description, memory=validate.memory, + disksize=validate.disksize, owner=validate.owner, + machine_type=getattr(validate, 'vmtype', Defaults.type), cdrom=getattr(validate, 'cdrom', None), autoinstall=getattr(validate, 'autoinstall', None)) @@ -161,7 +231,8 @@ console will suffer artifacts. """Handler for create requests.""" try: parsed_fields = self.parseCreate(fields) - machine = controls.createVm(cherrypy.request.login, cherrypy.request.state, **parsed_fields) + machine = controls.createVm(cherrypy.request.login, + cherrypy.request.state, **parsed_fields) except InvalidInput, err: pass else: @@ -170,8 +241,8 @@ console will suffer artifacts. d = getListDict(cherrypy.request.login, cherrypy.request.state) d['err'] = err if err: - for field in fields.keys(): - setattr(d['defaults'], field, fields.get(field)) + for field, value in fields.items(): + setattr(d['defaults'], field, value) else: d['new_machine'] = parsed_fields['name'] return d @@ -182,15 +253,26 @@ console will suffer artifacts. return {'request': cherrypy.request, 'kwargs': kwargs} helloworld._cp_config['tools.require_login.on'] = False - class MachineView(View): - # This is hairy. Fix when CherryPy 3.2 is out. (rename to - # _cp_dispatch, and parse the argument as a list instead of - # string + @cherrypy.expose + def errortest(self): + """Throw an error, to test the error-tracing mechanisms.""" + print >>sys.stderr, "look ma, it's a stderr" + raise RuntimeError("test of the emergency broadcast system") + class MachineView(View): def __getattr__(self, name): + """Synthesize attributes to allow RESTful URLs like + /machine/13/info. This is hairy. CherryPy 3.2 adds a + method called _cp_dispatch that allows you to explicitly + handle URLs that can't be mapped, and it allows you to + rewrite the path components and continue processing. + + This function gets the next path component being resolved + as a string. _cp_dispatch will get an array of strings + representing any subsequent path components as well.""" + try: - machine_id = int(name) - cherrypy.request.params['machine_id'] = machine_id + cherrypy.request.params['machine_id'] = int(name) return self except ValueError: return None @@ -199,13 +281,41 @@ console will suffer artifacts. @cherrypy.tools.mako(filename="/info.mako") def info(self, machine_id): """Handler for info on a single VM.""" - machine = validation.Validate(cherrypy.request.login, cherrypy.request.state, machine_id=machine_id).machine + machine = validation.Validate(cherrypy.request.login, + cherrypy.request.state, + machine_id=machine_id).machine d = infoDict(cherrypy.request.login, cherrypy.request.state, machine) - checkpoint.checkpoint('Got infodict') return d index = info @cherrypy.expose + @cherrypy.tools.mako(filename="/info.mako") + @cherrypy.tools.require_POST() + def modify(self, machine_id, **fields): + """Handler for modifying attributes of a machine.""" + try: + modify_dict = modifyDict(cherrypy.request.login, + cherrypy.request.state, + machine_id, fields) + except InvalidInput, err: + result = None + machine = validation.Validate(cherrypy.request.login, + cherrypy.request.state, + machine_id=machine_id).machine + else: + machine = modify_dict['machine'] + result = 'Success!' + err = None + info_dict = infoDict(cherrypy.request.login, + cherrypy.request.state, machine) + info_dict['err'] = err + if err: + for field, value in fields.items(): + setattr(info_dict['defaults'], field, value) + info_dict['result'] = result + return info_dict + + @cherrypy.expose @cherrypy.tools.mako(filename="/vnc.mako") def vnc(self, machine_id): """VNC applet page. @@ -227,8 +337,9 @@ console will suffer artifacts. Remember to enable iptables! echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward """ - machine = validation.Validate(cherrypy.request.login, cherrypy.request.state, machine_id=machine_id).machine - + machine = validation.Validate(cherrypy.request.login, + cherrypy.request.state, + machine_id=machine_id).machine token = controls.vnctoken(machine) host = controls.listHost(machine) if host: @@ -246,86 +357,41 @@ console will suffer artifacts. port=port, authtoken=token) return d + @cherrypy.expose @cherrypy.tools.mako(filename="/command.mako") @cherrypy.tools.require_POST() def command(self, command_name, machine_id, **kwargs): """Handler for running commands like boot and delete on a VM.""" - back = kwargs.get('back', None) + back = kwargs.get('back') + if command_name == 'delete': + back = 'list' try: - d = controls.commandResult(cherrypy.request.login, cherrypy.request.state, command_name, machine_id, kwargs) - if d['command'] == 'Delete VM': - back = 'list' + d = controls.commandResult(cherrypy.request.login, + cherrypy.request.state, + command_name, machine_id, kwargs) except InvalidInput, err: if not back: raise print >> sys.stderr, err - result = err + result = str(err) else: result = 'Success!' if not back: return d if back == 'list': cherrypy.request.state.clear() #Changed global state - raise cherrypy.InternalRedirect('/list?result=%s' % urllib.quote(result)) + raise cherrypy.InternalRedirect('/list?result=%s' + % urllib.quote(result)) elif back == 'info': - raise cherrypy.HTTPRedirect(cherrypy.request.base + '/machine/%d/' % machine_id, status=303) + raise cherrypy.HTTPRedirect(cherrypy.request.base + + '/machine/%d/' % machine_id, + status=303) else: raise InvalidInput('back', back, 'Not a known back page.') machine = MachineView() -def pathSplit(path): - if path.startswith('/'): - path = path[1:] - i = path.find('/') - if i == -1: - i = len(path) - return path[:i], path[i:] - -class Checkpoint: - def __init__(self): - self.start_time = time.time() - self.checkpoints = [] - - def checkpoint(self, s): - self.checkpoints.append((s, time.time())) - - def __str__(self): - return ('Timing info:\n%s\n' % - '\n'.join(['%s: %s' % (d, t - self.start_time) for - (d, t) in self.checkpoints])) - -checkpoint = Checkpoint() - -def makeErrorPre(old, addition): - if addition is None: - return - if old: - return old[:-6] + '\n----\n' + str(addition) + '' - else: - return '

STDERR:

' + str(addition) + '
' - -Template.database = database -Template.config = config -Template.err = None - -class JsonDict: - """Class to store a dictionary that will be converted to JSON""" - def __init__(self, **kws): - self.data = kws - if 'err' in kws: - err = kws['err'] - del kws['err'] - self.addError(err) - - def __str__(self): - return simplejson.dumps(self.data) - - def addError(self, text): - """Add stderr text to be displayed on the website.""" - self.data['err'] = \ - makeErrorPre(self.data.get('err'), text) class Defaults: """Class to store default values for fields.""" @@ -335,6 +401,7 @@ class Defaults: autoinstall = '' name = '' description = '' + administrator = '' type = 'linux-hvm' def __init__(self, max_memory=None, max_disk=None, **kws): @@ -345,17 +412,6 @@ class Defaults: for key in kws: setattr(self, key, kws[key]) - - -DEFAULT_HEADERS = {'Content-Type': 'text/html'} - -def invalidInput(op, username, fields, err, emsg): - """Print an error page when an InvalidInput exception occurs""" - d = dict(op=op, user=username, err_field=err.err_field, - err_value=str(err.err_value), stderr=emsg, - errorMessage=str(err)) - return templates.invalid(searchList=[d]) - def hasVnc(status): """Does the machine with a given status list support VNC?""" if status is None: @@ -369,20 +425,18 @@ def hasVnc(status): def getListDict(username, state): """Gets the list of local variables used by list.tmpl.""" - checkpoint.checkpoint('Starting') machines = state.machines - checkpoint.checkpoint('Got my machines') on = {} has_vnc = {} + installing = {} xmlist = state.xmlist - checkpoint.checkpoint('Got uptimes') - can_clone = 'ice3' not in state.xmlist_raw for m in machines: if m not in xmlist: has_vnc[m] = 'Off' m.uptime = None else: m.uptime = xmlist[m]['uptime'] + installing[m] = bool(xmlist[m].get('autoinstall')) if xmlist[m]['console']: has_vnc[m] = True elif m.type.hvm: @@ -391,11 +445,9 @@ def getListDict(username, state): has_vnc[m] = "ParaVM" max_memory = validation.maxMemory(username, state) max_disk = validation.maxDisk(username) - checkpoint.checkpoint('Got max mem/disk') defaults = Defaults(max_memory=max_memory, max_disk=max_disk, owner=username) - checkpoint.checkpoint('Got defaults') def sortkey(machine): return (machine.owner != username, machine.owner, machine.name) machines = sorted(machines, key=sortkey) @@ -406,7 +458,8 @@ def getListDict(username, state): defaults=defaults, machines=machines, has_vnc=has_vnc, - can_clone=can_clone) + installing=installing, + disable_creation=False) return d def getHostname(nic): @@ -462,15 +515,18 @@ def getDiskInfo(data_dict, machine): data_dict['%s_size' % name] = "%0.1f GiB" % (disk.size / 1024.) return disk_fields -def modifyDict(username, state, fields): +def modifyDict(username, state, machine_id, fields): """Modify a machine as specified by CGI arguments. - Return a list of local variables for modify.tmpl. + Return a dict containing the machine that was modified. """ olddisk = {} session.begin() try: - kws = dict([(kw, fields.getfirst(kw)) for kw in 'machine_id owner admin contact name description memory vmtype disksize'.split()]) + kws = dict((kw, fields[kw]) for kw in + 'owner admin contact name description memory vmtype disksize'.split() + if fields.get(kw)) + kws['machine_id'] = machine_id validate = validation.Validate(username, state, **kws) machine = validate.machine oldname = machine.name @@ -481,23 +537,10 @@ def modifyDict(username, state, fields): if hasattr(validate, 'vmtype'): machine.type = validate.vmtype - if hasattr(validate, 'disksize'): - disksize = validate.disksize - disk = machine.disks[0] - if disk.size != disksize: - olddisk[disk.guest_device_name] = disksize - disk.size = disksize - session.save_or_update(disk) - update_acl = False if hasattr(validate, 'owner') and validate.owner != machine.owner: machine.owner = validate.owner update_acl = True - if hasattr(validate, 'name'): - machine.name = validate.name - for n in machine.nics: - if n.hostname == oldname: - n.hostname = validate.name if hasattr(validate, 'description'): machine.description = validate.description if hasattr(validate, 'admin') and validate.admin != machine.administrator: @@ -507,47 +550,51 @@ def modifyDict(username, state, fields): machine.contact = validate.contact session.save_or_update(machine) - if update_acl: - cache_acls.refreshMachine(machine) session.commit() except: session.rollback() raise - for diskname in olddisk: - controls.resizeDisk(oldname, diskname, str(olddisk[diskname])) - if hasattr(validate, 'name'): - controls.renameMachine(machine, oldname, validate.name) - return dict(user=username, - command="modify", - machine=machine) - -def modify(username, state, path, fields): - """Handler for modifying attributes of a machine.""" + + session.begin() try: - modify_dict = modifyDict(username, state, fields) - except InvalidInput, err: - result = None - machine = validation.Validate(username, state, machine_id=fields.getfirst('machine_id')).machine - else: - machine = modify_dict['machine'] - result = 'Success!' - err = None - info_dict = infoDict(username, state, machine) - info_dict['err'] = err - if err: - for field in fields.keys(): - setattr(info_dict['defaults'], field, fields.getfirst(field)) - info_dict['result'] = result - return templates.info(searchList=[info_dict]) - -def badOperation(u, s, p, e): - """Function called when accessing an unknown URI.""" - return ({'Status': '404 Not Found'}, 'Invalid operation.') + if hasattr(validate, 'disksize'): + disksize = validate.disksize + disk = machine.disks[0] + if disk.size != disksize: + olddisk[disk.guest_device_name] = disksize + disk.size = disksize + session.save_or_update(disk) + for diskname in olddisk: + controls.resizeDisk(oldname, diskname, str(olddisk[diskname])) + session.save_or_update(machine) + session.commit() + except: + session.rollback() + raise + + session.begin() + try: + if hasattr(validate, 'name'): + machine.name = validate.name + for n in machine.nics: + if n.hostname == oldname: + n.hostname = validate.name + if hasattr(validate, 'name'): + controls.renameMachine(machine, oldname, validate.name) + session.save_or_update(machine) + session.commit() + except: + session.rollback() + raise + + if update_acl: + cache_acls.refreshMachine(machine) + + return dict(machine=machine) def infoDict(username, state, machine): """Get the variables used by info.tmpl.""" status = controls.statusInfo(machine) - checkpoint.checkpoint('Getting status info') has_vnc = hasVnc(status) if status is None: main_status = dict(name=machine.name, @@ -557,11 +604,14 @@ def infoDict(username, state, machine): else: main_status = dict(status[1:]) main_status['host'] = controls.listHost(machine) - start_time = float(main_status.get('start_time', 0)) - uptime = datetime.timedelta(seconds=int(time.time()-start_time)) + start_time = main_status.get('start_time') + if start_time is None: + uptime = "Still booting?" + else: + start_time = float(start_time) + uptime = datetime.timedelta(seconds=int(time.time()-start_time)) cpu_time_float = float(main_status.get('cpu_time', 0)) cputime = datetime.timedelta(seconds=int(cpu_time_float)) - checkpoint.checkpoint('Status') display_fields = [('name', 'Name'), ('description', 'Description'), ('owner', 'Owner'), @@ -607,18 +657,14 @@ def infoDict(username, state, machine): pass #fields.append((disp, None)) - checkpoint.checkpoint('Got fields') - - max_mem = validation.maxMemory(machine.owner, state, machine, False) - checkpoint.checkpoint('Got mem') max_disk = validation.maxDisk(machine.owner, machine) defaults = Defaults() for name in 'machine_id name description administrator owner memory contact'.split(): - setattr(defaults, name, getattr(machine, name)) + if getattr(machine, name): + setattr(defaults, name, getattr(machine, name)) defaults.type = machine.type.type_id defaults.disk = "%0.2f" % (machine.disks[0].size/1024.) - checkpoint.checkpoint('Got defaults') d = dict(user=username, on=status is not None, machine=machine, @@ -631,40 +677,6 @@ def infoDict(username, state, machine): fields = fields) return d -def unauthFront(_, _2, _3, fields): - """Information for unauth'd users.""" - return templates.unauth(searchList=[{'simple' : True, - 'hostname' : socket.getfqdn()}]) - -def admin(username, state, path, fields): - if path == '': - return ({'Status': '303 See Other', - 'Location': 'admin/'}, - "You shouldn't see this message.") - if not username in getAfsGroupMembers(config.adminacl, 'athena.mit.edu'): - raise InvalidInput('username', username, - 'Not in admin group %s.' % config.adminacl) - newstate = State(username, isadmin=True) - newstate.environ = state.environ - return handler(username, newstate, path, fields) - -def throwError(_, __, ___, ____): - """Throw an error, to test the error-tracing mechanisms.""" - raise RuntimeError("test of the emergency broadcast system") - -mapping = dict( - modify=modify, - unauth=unauthFront, - admin=admin, - overlord=admin, - errortest=throwError) - -def printHeaders(headers): - """Print a dictionary as HTTP headers.""" - for key, value in headers.iteritems(): - print '%s: %s' % (key, value) - print - def send_error_mail(subject, body): import subprocess @@ -681,98 +693,4 @@ Subject: %s p.stdin.close() p.wait() -def show_error(op, username, fields, err, emsg, traceback): - """Print an error page when an exception occurs""" - d = dict(op=op, user=username, fields=fields, - errorMessage=str(err), stderr=emsg, traceback=traceback) - details = templates.error_raw(searchList=[d]) - exclude = config.web.errormail_exclude - if username not in exclude and '*' not in exclude: - send_error_mail('xvm error on %s for %s: %s' % (op, username, err), - details) - d['details'] = details - return templates.error(searchList=[d]) - -def handler(username, state, path, fields): - operation, path = pathSplit(path) - if not operation: - operation = 'list' - print 'Starting', operation - fun = mapping.get(operation, badOperation) - return fun(username, state, path, fields) - -class App: - def __init__(self, environ, start_response): - self.environ = environ - self.start = start_response - - self.username = getUser(environ) - self.state = State(self.username) - self.state.environ = environ - - random.seed() #sigh - - def __iter__(self): - start_time = time.time() - database.clear_cache() - sys.stderr = StringIO() - fields = cgi.FieldStorage(fp=self.environ['wsgi.input'], environ=self.environ) - operation = self.environ.get('PATH_INFO', '') - if not operation: - self.start("301 Moved Permanently", [('Location', './')]) - return - if self.username is None: - operation = 'unauth' - - try: - checkpoint.checkpoint('Before') - output = handler(self.username, self.state, operation, fields) - checkpoint.checkpoint('After') - - headers = dict(DEFAULT_HEADERS) - if isinstance(output, tuple): - new_headers, output = output - headers.update(new_headers) - e = revertStandardError() - if e: - if hasattr(output, 'addError'): - output.addError(e) - else: - # This only happens on redirects, so it'd be a pain to get - # the message to the user. Maybe in the response is useful. - output = output + '\n\nstderr:\n' + e - output_string = str(output) - checkpoint.checkpoint('output as a string') - except Exception, err: - if not fields.has_key('js'): - if isinstance(err, InvalidInput): - self.start('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) - e = revertStandardError() - yield str(invalidInput(operation, self.username, fields, - err, e)) - return - import traceback - self.start('500 Internal Server Error', - [('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) - e = revertStandardError() - s = show_error(operation, self.username, fields, - err, e, traceback.format_exc()) - yield str(s) - return - status = headers.setdefault('Status', '200 OK') - del headers['Status'] - self.start(status, headers.items()) - yield output_string - if fields.has_key('timedebug'): - yield '
%s
' % cgi.escape(str(checkpoint)) - -def constructor(): - connect() - return App - -def main(): - from flup.server.fcgi_fork import WSGIServer - WSGIServer(constructor()).run() - -if __name__ == '__main__': - main() +random.seed() #sigh