2 The rpcc class handles client-side RPC. Each rpcc is bound to a single RPC
3 server. The jobs of rpcc include maintaining a connection to server, sending
4 RPC requests and waiting for responses, retransmissions, at-most-once delivery
7 The rpcs class handles the server side of RPC. Each rpcs handles multiple
8 connections from different rpcc objects. The jobs of rpcs include accepting
9 connections, dispatching requests to registered RPC handlers, at-most-once
12 Both rpcc and rpcs use the connection class as an abstraction for the
13 underlying communication channel. To send an RPC request/reply, one calls
14 connection::send() which blocks until data is sent or the connection has
15 failed (thus the caller can free the buffer when send() returns). When a
16 request/reply is received, connection makes a callback into the corresponding
17 rpcc or rpcs (see rpcc::got_pdu() and rpcs::got_pdu()).
20 rpcc uses application threads to send RPC requests and blocks to receive the
21 reply or error. All connections use a single PollMgr object to perform async
22 socket IO. PollMgr creates a single thread to examine the readiness of socket
23 file descriptors and informs the corresponding connection whenever a socket is
24 ready to be read or written. (We use asynchronous socket IO to reduce the
25 number of threads needed to manage these connections; without async IO, at
26 least one thread is needed per connection to read data without blocking other
27 activities.) Each rpcs object creates one thread for listening on the server
28 port and a pool of threads for executing RPC requests. The thread pool allows
29 us to control the number of threads spawned at the server (spawning one thread
30 per request will hurt when the server faces thousands of requests).
32 In order to delete a connection object, we must maintain a reference count.
33 For rpcc, multiple client threads might be invoking the rpcc::call() functions
34 and thus holding multiple references to the underlying connection object. For
35 rpcs, multiple dispatch threads might be holding references to the same
36 connection object. A connection object is deleted only when the underlying
37 connection is dead and the reference count reaches zero.
39 This version of the RPC library explicitly joins exited threads to make sure
40 no outstanding references exist before deleting objects.
42 To delete a rpcc object safely, the users of the library must ensure that
43 there are no outstanding calls on the rpcc object.
45 To delete a rpcs object safely, we do the following in sequence: 1. stop
46 accepting new incoming connections. 2. close existing active connections. 3.
47 delete the dispatch thread pool which involves waiting for current active RPC
48 handlers to finish. It is interesting how a thread pool can be deleted
49 without using thread cancellation. The trick is to inject x "poison pills" for
50 a thread pool of x threads. Upon getting a poison pill instead of a normal
51 task, a worker thread will exit (and thread pool destructor waits to join all
52 x exited worker threads).
57 #include <arpa/inet.h>
58 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
62 inline void set_rand_seed() {
63 auto now = time_point_cast<nanoseconds>(steady_clock::now());
64 srandom((uint32_t)now.time_since_epoch().count()^(uint32_t)getpid());
67 static sockaddr_in make_sockaddr(const string &hostandport);
69 rpcc::rpcc(const string & d, bool retrans) :
70 dst_(make_sockaddr(d)), srv_nonce_(0), bind_done_(false), xid_(1), lossytest_(0),
71 retrans_(retrans), reachable_(true), chan_(), destroy_wait_ (false), xid_rep_done_(-1)
75 clt_nonce_ = (unsigned int)random();
77 // special client nonce 0 means this client does not
78 // require at-most-once logic from the server
79 // because it uses tcp and never retries a failed connection
83 char *loss_env = getenv("RPC_LOSSY");
85 lossytest_ = atoi(loss_env);
87 // xid starts with 1 and latest received reply starts with 0
88 xid_rep_window_.push_back(0);
90 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("cltn_nonce is " << clt_nonce_ << " lossy " << lossytest_);
93 // IMPORTANT: destruction should happen only when no external threads
94 // are blocked inside rpcc or will use rpcc in the future
97 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("delete nonce " << clt_nonce_ << " channo=" << (chan_?chan_->channo():-1));
100 VERIFY(calls_.size() == 0);
103 int rpcc::bind(milliseconds to) {
105 int ret = call_timeout(rpc_const::bind, to, r, 0);
111 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("bind " << inet_ntoa(dst_.sin_addr) << " failed " << ret);
116 // Cancel all outstanding calls
117 void rpcc::cancel(void) {
120 LOG("force callers to fail");
121 for (auto &p : calls_) {
122 caller *ca = p.second;
124 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("force caller to fail");
128 ca->intret = rpc_const::cancel_failure;
132 destroy_wait_ = true;
133 while (calls_.size () > 0)
134 destroy_wait_c_.wait(ml);
140 int rpcc::call1(proc_t proc, marshall &req, string &rep, milliseconds to) {
147 if ((proc != rpc_const::bind && !bind_done_) || (proc == rpc_const::bind && bind_done_)) {
148 IF_LEVEL(1) LOG("rpcc has not been bound to dst or binding twice");
149 return rpc_const::bind_failure;
153 return rpc_const::cancel_failure;
156 calls_[ca.xid] = &ca;
158 req.pack_header(request_header{ca.xid, proc, clt_nonce_, srv_nonce_, xid_rep_window_.front()});
159 xid_rep = xid_rep_window_.front();
162 milliseconds curr_to = rpc::to_min;
163 auto finaldeadline = steady_clock::now() + to;
165 bool transmit = true;
166 shared_ptr<connection> ch;
176 if (dup_req_.isvalid() && xid_rep_done_ > dup_req_.xid) {
181 if (forgot.isvalid())
182 ch->send(forgot.buf);
185 else IF_LEVEL(1) LOG("not reachable");
186 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG(clt_nonce_ << " just sent req proc " << hex << proc <<
187 " xid " << dec << ca.xid << " clt_nonce " << clt_nonce_);
189 transmit = false; // only send once on a given channel
192 auto nextdeadline = min(steady_clock::now() + curr_to, finaldeadline);
198 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("wait");
199 if (ca.c.wait_until(cal, nextdeadline) == cv_status::timeout) {
200 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("timeout");
205 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("reply received");
210 if (nextdeadline >= finaldeadline)
213 if (retrans_ && (!ch || ch->isdead())) {
214 // since connection is dead, retransmit
215 // on the new connection
221 // no locking of ca.m since only this thread changes ca.xid
223 calls_.erase(ca.xid);
224 // may need to update the xid again here, in case the
225 // packet times out before it's even sent by the channel.
226 // I don't think there's any harm in maybe doing it twice
227 update_xid_rep(ca.xid);
230 destroy_wait_c_.notify_one();
233 if (ca.done && lossytest_)
236 if (!dup_req_.isvalid()) {
238 dup_req_.xid = ca.xid;
240 if (xid_rep > xid_rep_done_)
241 xid_rep_done_ = xid_rep;
246 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG(clt_nonce_ << " call done for req proc " << hex << proc <<
247 " xid " << dec << ca.xid << " " << inet_ntoa(dst_.sin_addr) << ":" <<
248 ntoh(dst_.sin_port) << " done? " << ca.done << " ret " << ca.intret);
250 // destruction of req automatically frees its buffer
251 return (ca.done? ca.intret : rpc_const::timeout_failure);
254 void rpcc::get_refconn(shared_ptr<connection> & ch) {
256 if (!chan_ || chan_->isdead())
257 chan_ = connection::to_dst(dst_, this, lossytest_);
263 // PollMgr's thread is being used to
264 // make this upcall from connection object to rpcc.
265 // this funtion must not block.
267 // this function keeps no reference for connection *c
269 rpcc::got_pdu(const shared_ptr<connection> &, const string & b)
271 unmarshall rep(b, true);
273 rep.unpack_header(h);
276 IF_LEVEL(1) LOG("unmarshall header failed!!!");
282 update_xid_rep(h.xid);
284 if (calls_.find(h.xid) == calls_.end()) {
285 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("xid " << h.xid << " no pending request");
288 caller *ca = calls_[h.xid];
294 if (ca->intret < 0) {
295 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("RPC reply error for xid " << h.xid << " intret " << ca->intret);
303 // assumes thread holds mutex m
305 rpcc::update_xid_rep(int xid)
307 if (xid <= xid_rep_window_.front())
310 for (auto it = xid_rep_window_.begin(); it != xid_rep_window_.end(); it++) {
312 xid_rep_window_.insert(it, xid);
316 xid_rep_window_.push_back(xid);
319 auto it = xid_rep_window_.begin();
320 for (it++; it != xid_rep_window_.end(); it++) {
321 while (xid_rep_window_.front() + 1 == *it)
322 xid_rep_window_.pop_front();
326 rpcs::rpcs(in_port_t p1, size_t count)
327 : port_(p1), counting_(count), curr_counts_(count), reachable_ (true)
330 nonce_ = (unsigned int)random();
331 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("created with nonce " << nonce_);
333 reg(rpc_const::bind, &rpcs::rpcbind, this);
334 dispatchpool_ = unique_ptr<thread_pool>(new thread_pool(6, false));
338 char *loss_env = getenv("RPC_LOSSY");
339 listener_ = unique_ptr<tcpsconn>(new tcpsconn(this, port_, loss_env ? atoi(loss_env) : 0));
343 // must delete listener before dispatchpool
345 dispatchpool_ = nullptr;
349 bool rpcs::got_pdu(const shared_ptr<connection> & c, const string & b) {
351 IF_LEVEL(1) LOG("not reachable");
355 return dispatchpool_->addJob(bind(&rpcs::dispatch, this, c, b));
358 void rpcs::reg1(proc_t proc, handler *h) {
360 VERIFY(procs_.count(proc) == 0);
362 VERIFY(procs_.count(proc) >= 1);
365 void rpcs::updatestat(proc_t proc) {
369 if (curr_counts_ == 0) {
371 for (auto i = counts_.begin(); i != counts_.end(); i++)
372 LOG(hex << i->first << ":" << dec << i->second);
374 lock rwl(reply_window_m_);
376 size_t totalrep = 0, maxrep = 0;
377 for (auto clt : reply_window_) {
378 totalrep += clt.second.size();
379 if (clt.second.size() > maxrep)
380 maxrep = clt.second.size();
382 IF_LEVEL(1) LOG("REPLY WINDOW: clients " << (reply_window_.size()-1) << " total reply " <<
383 totalrep << " max per client " << maxrep);
384 curr_counts_ = counting_;
388 void rpcs::dispatch(shared_ptr<connection> c, const string & buf) {
389 unmarshall req(buf, true);
392 req.unpack_header(h);
393 proc_t proc = h.proc;
396 IF_LEVEL(1) LOG("unmarshall header failed");
400 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("rpc " << h.xid << " (proc " << hex << proc << ", last_rep " <<
401 dec << h.xid_rep << ") from clt " << h.clt_nonce << " for srv instance " << h.srv_nonce);
404 reply_header rh{h.xid,0};
406 // is client sending to an old instance of server?
407 if (h.srv_nonce != 0 && h.srv_nonce != nonce_) {
408 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("rpc for an old server instance " << h.srv_nonce <<
409 " (current " << nonce_ << ") proc " << hex << h.proc);
410 rh.ret = rpc_const::oldsrv_failure;
417 // is RPC proc a registered procedure?
420 if (procs_.count(proc) < 1) {
421 LOG("unknown proc 0x" << hex << proc << " with h.srv_nonce=" << h.srv_nonce << ", my srv_nonce=" << nonce_);
429 rpcs::rpcstate_t stat;
433 // have i seen this client before?
435 lock rwl(reply_window_m_);
436 // if we don't know about this clt_nonce, create a cleanup object
437 if (reply_window_.find(h.clt_nonce) == reply_window_.end()) {
438 VERIFY (reply_window_[h.clt_nonce].size() == 0); // create
439 reply_window_[h.clt_nonce].push_back(reply_t(-1)); // store starting reply xid
440 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("new client " << h.clt_nonce << " xid " << h.xid <<
441 " chan " << c->channo() << ", total clients " << (reply_window_.size()-1));
445 // save the latest good connection to the client
448 if (conns_.find(h.clt_nonce) == conns_.end())
449 conns_[h.clt_nonce] = c;
450 else if (conns_[h.clt_nonce]->create_time() < c->create_time())
451 conns_[h.clt_nonce] = c;
454 stat = checkduplicate_and_update(h.clt_nonce, h.xid, h.xid_rep, b1);
456 // this client does not require at most once logic
461 case NEW: // new request
465 rh.ret = (*f)(req, rep);
466 if (rh.ret == rpc_const::unmarshal_args_failure) {
467 cerr << "failed to unmarshall the arguments. You are " <<
468 "probably calling RPC 0x" << hex << proc << " with the wrong " <<
469 "types of arguments." << endl;
477 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("sending and saving reply of size " << b1.size() << " for rpc " <<
478 h.xid << ", proc " << hex << proc << " ret " << dec << rh.ret << ", clt " << h.clt_nonce);
480 if (h.clt_nonce > 0) {
481 // only record replies for clients that require at-most-once logic
482 add_reply(h.clt_nonce, h.xid, b1);
485 // get the latest connection to the client
489 c = conns_[h.clt_nonce];
494 case INPROGRESS: // server is working on this request
496 case DONE: // duplicate and we still have the response
499 case FORGOTTEN: // very old request and we don't have the response anymore
500 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("very old request " << h.xid << " from " << h.clt_nonce);
501 rh.ret = rpc_const::atmostonce_failure;
508 // rpcs::dispatch calls this when an RPC request arrives.
510 // checks to see if an RPC with xid from clt_nonce has already been received.
511 // if not, remembers the request in reply_window_.
513 // deletes remembered requests with XIDs <= xid_rep; the client
514 // says it has received a reply for every RPC up through xid_rep.
515 // frees the reply_t::buf of each such request.
518 // NEW: never seen this xid before.
519 // INPROGRESS: seen this xid, and still processing it.
520 // DONE: seen this xid, previous reply returned in b.
521 // FORGOTTEN: might have seen this xid, but deleted previous reply.
523 rpcs::checkduplicate_and_update(unsigned int clt_nonce, int xid,
524 int xid_rep, string & b)
526 lock rwl(reply_window_m_);
528 list<reply_t> &l = reply_window_[clt_nonce];
530 VERIFY(l.size() > 0);
531 VERIFY(xid >= xid_rep);
533 int past_xid_rep = l.begin()->xid;
535 list<reply_t>::iterator start = l.begin(), it = ++start;
537 if (past_xid_rep < xid_rep || past_xid_rep == -1) {
538 // scan for deletion candidates
539 while (it != l.end() && it->xid < xid_rep)
542 l.begin()->xid = xid_rep;
545 if (xid < past_xid_rep && past_xid_rep != -1)
548 // skip non-deletion candidates
549 while (it != l.end() && it->xid < xid)
552 // if it's in the list it must be right here
553 if (it != l.end() && it->xid == xid) {
554 if (it->cb_present) {
555 // return information about the remembered reply
561 // remember that a new request has arrived
562 l.insert(it, reply_t(xid));
567 // rpcs::dispatch calls add_reply when it is sending a reply to an RPC,
568 // and passes the return value in b.
569 // add_reply() should remember b.
570 // free_reply_window() and checkduplicate_and_update are responsible for
571 // cleaning up the remembered values.
572 void rpcs::add_reply(unsigned int clt_nonce, int xid, const string & b) {
573 lock rwl(reply_window_m_);
574 // remember the RPC reply value
575 list<reply_t> &l = reply_window_[clt_nonce];
576 list<reply_t>::iterator it = l.begin();
577 // skip to our place in the list
578 for (it++; it != l.end() && it->xid < xid; it++);
579 // there should already be an entry, so whine if there isn't
580 if (it == l.end() || it->xid != xid) {
581 cerr << "Could not find reply struct in add_reply" << endl;
582 l.insert(it, reply_t(xid, b));
584 *it = reply_t(xid, b);
588 void rpcs::free_reply_window(void) {
589 lock rwl(reply_window_m_);
590 reply_window_.clear();
593 int rpcs::rpcbind(unsigned int &r, int) {
594 IF_LEVEL(2) LOG("called return nonce " << nonce_);
599 static sockaddr_in make_sockaddr(const string &hostandport) {
600 string host = "127.0.0.1";
601 string port = hostandport;
602 auto colon = hostandport.find(':');
603 if (colon != string::npos) {
604 host = hostandport.substr(0, colon);
605 port = hostandport.substr(colon+1);
608 sockaddr_in dst{}; // zero initialize
609 dst.sin_family = AF_INET;
611 struct in_addr a{inet_addr(host.c_str())};
613 if (a.s_addr != INADDR_NONE)
614 dst.sin_addr.s_addr = a.s_addr;
616 struct hostent *hp = gethostbyname(host.c_str());
618 if (!hp || hp->h_length != 4 || hp->h_addrtype != AF_INET) {
619 cerr << "cannot find host name " << host << endl;
622 memcpy(&a, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof(in_addr_t));
623 dst.sin_addr.s_addr = a.s_addr;
625 dst.sin_port = hton((in_port_t)stoi(port));